Cortagen
A four-amino-acid peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) developed as a defined-sequence companion to Cortexin. Published literature only — no Russian clinical registration under this exact name.
1 · Identity
- Identity
- sequence-only / literature
- Aliases
- AEDP tetrapeptide (EN); Cortagenum (EN); Кортаген (RU_LATIN)
2 · Mechanism — what the primary literature actually shows
Synthetic tetrapeptide AEDP (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) from the Khavinson school. Mechanism studies (Shabanov-Vislohkov 2013) used intracellular microelectrodes in mollusk Planorbarius corneus pedal ganglia neurons — a classical biophysics model. The pharmacologically meaningful concentration range is 0.1-100 µM, where cortagen HYPERPOLARISES neurons by 2-3 mV and reduces spontaneous impulse activity — i.e. an activating/neuroprotective effect via reduced basal firing (energy conservation). At 1000 µM, mild depolarisation; at 10 mM, strong reversible depolarisation with action-potential suppression. In this assay cortagen is MORE potent than cortexin. Increases slow efflux potassium current amplitude by 3-5% at 0.1 µM — consistent with K⁺ channel opening. The Drosophila study (Mylnikov-Opparina-Malinin 2008) found that mechanisms of vilon and epithalon on mitochondrial ROS differ, implying distinct peptide-specific pathways even within the tetrapeptide class.
How it works
Key findings (4)
- Mollusk neurons (Planorbarius corneus): cortagen 0.1-100 µM hyperpolarises by 2-3 mV, reduces spontaneous firing (neuroprotective pattern); 1000 µM depolarises mildly; 10 mM strong reversible depolarisation; increases slow K⁺ efflux current 3-5% at 0.1 µM. More potent than cortexin (Shabanov-Vislohkov 2013)
- Adjacent (Drosophila): vilon and epithalon have DIFFERENT mechanisms on mitochondrial ROS generation, even though both are tetrapeptides from the same school (Mylnikov 2008)
- Adjacent (regulatory peptides review, Boldyreva 2022): short peptides restore protein biosynthesis in age-related decline, used as adjuncts in neurology/dentistry
- Cortagen belongs to the same proliferotrope family as Cortagen (tetrapeptide from cortex extract), but as a defined sequence can be studied with clean pharmacology
Evidence quality
Low-moderate. The biophysics work (Shabanov-Vislohkov) is a classical assay but on mollusk neurons — extrapolating to mammalian CNS is reasonable but not proven. No mammalian in vivo pharmacology specific to cortagen has surfaced in CyberLeninka.
Open questions (4)
- Cortagen as defined sequence is what cortexin ought to be — but cortexin is a polypeptide fraction. Is the AEDP sequence actually present in cortexin at significant concentration?
- Mammalian pharmacology of pure AEDP: missing from open literature
- Why does a defined tetrapeptide show more potent neuronal effects than a fraction? Higher specific activity, or absence of antagonistic peptide components in the fraction?
- Drosophila data implies multiple distinct mechanisms among tetrapeptides — but which structural features determine the mechanism?
3 · Summary
Design distribution
| Design | Count | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| CLINICAL_UNCONTROLLED | 1 | █ |
| ANIMAL | 7 | ███████ |
| IN_VITRO | 2 | ██ |
| UNGRADED | 2 | ██ |
4 · Possible mechanisms — candidate list
5 · Pathways — questions the corpus does not yet answer
- Pathway
- Experimental design: falsification experiment for open question 1. Cortagen as defined sequence is what cortexin ought to be — but cortexin is a polypeptide fraction. Is the AEDP sequence actually present in cortexin at significant concentration?
- Blocked by
- See synthesis evidence quality section for barriers.
- Pathway
- Experimental design: falsification experiment for open question 2. Mammalian pharmacology of pure AEDP: missing from open literature
- Blocked by
- See synthesis evidence quality section for barriers.
- Pathway
- Experimental design: falsification experiment for open question 3. Why does a defined tetrapeptide show more potent neuronal effects than a fraction? Higher specific activity, or absence of antagonistic peptide components in the fraction?
- Blocked by
- See synthesis evidence quality section for barriers.
- Pathway
- Experimental design: falsification experiment for open question 4. Drosophila data implies multiple distinct mechanisms among tetrapeptides — but which structural features determine the mechanism?
- Blocked by
- See synthesis evidence quality section for barriers.
6 · Bibliography — Russian primary sources
- mnogoletniy-opyt-nizkodozirovannoy-peptidnoy-neyroprotektsii-v-meditsine-obzor
- modulyatsiya-elektricheskoy-aktivnosti-i-ionnyh-tokov-izolirovannyh-neyronov-oreksinom-a
- ispolzovanie-regulyatornyh-peptidov-u-patsientov-nevrologicheskogo-i-stomatologicheskogo-profilya
- neyronoprotektornoe-deystvie-korteksina-i-kortagena
- vliyanie-peptidov-na-antioksidantnyy-status-i-parametry-krivyh-vyzhivaniya-selektiruemyh-inbrednyh-liniy-drosophila-melanogaster
- zaschitnoe-deystvie-peptida-alagluaspleu-na-prorostki-i-kallusnuyu-kulturu-tabaka-nicotiana-tabacum-l-vyraschennyh-v-usloviyah
- issledovaniya-nanostuktur-biologicheskogo-proishozhdeniya-i-biologicheski-znachimyh-nanosekundnyh-protsessov-metodami
- issledovanie-vzaimodeystviya-tetrapeptida-ala-glu-asp-pro-s-modelnoy-lipidnoy-memranoy-nervnoy-kletki-metodom-molekulyarnoy-dinamiki
- psihofarmakologicheskiy-profil-nootropopodobnyh-peptidov
- materialy-konferentsii-farmakologiya-regulyatornyh-neyropeptidov-posvyaschennoy-125-letiyu-akademika-s-v-anichkova-sankt-peterburg-9-11
- farmakologiya-lekarstvennyh-preparatov-peptidnoy-struktury
- dokazatelnost-neyroprotektornyh-effektov-polipeptidnyh-preparatov-nereshennye-voprosy
- lekarstvennye-peptidnye-preparaty-proshloe-nastoyaschee-buduschee
- ot-idei-s-p-botkina-o-predvozdeystvii-do-fenomena-prekonditsionirovaniya-perspektivy-primeneniya-fenomenov-ishemicheskogo-i
Inventor (detail): V.Kh. Khavinson lab.
First publication: late 1990s / early 2000s (Khavinson lab).
Peptide kind: **Synthetic tetrapeptide** (likely AEDL = Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu, or possibly a different sequence; the 2013 Shabanov paper shows the cortagen tetrapeptide induces hyperpolarization 2–3 mV and slows spontaneous firing in *Planorbarius corneus* neurons at 0.1–100 μM).
Below: substantive excerpts from 6 Russian primary papers. Click each title to expand the Russian/English abstract.
6/6 papers with substantive abstracts · 8,283 characters of Russian/English pharmacological text extracted · 6 Russian abstracts · 5 English abstracts · 3/6 relevance-classified.
Extracted findings (0 models · 5 mechanism terms · direction: ↑4 ↓4 ↺2 across 6 papers)
- Model organisms
- —
- Doses / concentrations
- 1 мкг, 1000 мкг
- Mechanism terms
- антиоксидантный, кортексин, кортексина, кортексину, регенерации
- Effect direction
- 4× increase · 4× decrease · 2× restoration/normalisation
[2015] Многолетний опыт низкодозированной пептидной нейропротекции в медицине (обзор)
[2013] Модуляция электрической активности и ионных токов изолированных нейронов орексином а
[2022] ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫХ ПЕПТИДОВ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ НЕВРОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО И СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ
[2013] Нейронопротекторное действие кортексина и кортагена
[2008] Влияние пептидов на антиоксидантный статус и параметры кривых выживания селектируемых инбредных линий Drosophila melanog
[2018] Защитное действие пептида AlaGluAspLeu на проростки и каллусную культуру табака (Nicotiana tabacum L. ), выращенных в ус
7 · Bibliography — PubMed corpus
8 · Corroboration
- Corpus source
- PubMed (eutils) and OpenAlex, swept against this compound by PMID. Last verified 26.08.2026.
- Identity source
- PubChem CID — verified live. InChIKey —. Live fetch on 26.08.2026.
- Provenance
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology (2001) Khavinson VKh — Cortex tetrapeptide; cognitive function
9 · Open questions
- Zero A- or B-grade evidence in the corpus. No registered RCT with disclosed n.
- Most of the published evidence for this compound is from the group that developed it. Where independent replication exists, we flag it in the mechanism block above; where it doesn't, treat mechanism claims as developer-side.