Cardiogen
A four-amino-acid peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg) developed for cardiac indications. CyberLeninka only — no Western database entry and no clinical literature outside the Khavinson group.
1 · Identity
- Identity
- sequence-only / literature
- Aliases
- AEDR tetrapeptide (EN); Cardiogenum (EN); Кардиоген (RU_LATIN)
2 · Mechanism — what the primary literature actually shows
Tetrapeptide AEDG from the Khavinson school — cardiac-tissue-specific. The direct primary literature is thin. One clean mechanistic study: Ivanova-Zalomaeva-Chalikova-Surma-Shchegolev-Nikitina 2022 showed that tissue-specific oligopeptides (including AEDG cardiogen class) stimulate cellular proliferation primarily in MYOCARDIUM, vessels, and muscles (mesodermal tissues) — comparable to weak static magnetic field effects. The Chalikova lab organotypic culture work establishes cardiogen as a mesoderm-tissue proliferotrope. The other "cardiogen" search hits are about BNP biomarker for CHF (Kharisova 2019 — n=998 STEMI patients) and AV-block pacing in MI (Iskenderov 2011) — these are NOT about the cardiogen peptide. One clean pharmacology paper: Popov-Mukhomedyanov-Sirotina-Kurbatov-Asev-Sufianova-Khlestkina-Maslov 2023 on opioid peptide deltorphin II infarct-limiting effect (NOT cardiogen, but relevant to cardiac peptide cardioprotection paradigm: PKCδ, PI3-kinase, ERK1/2 kinase are involved in peptide cardioprotective effect after coronary occlusion/reperfusion, NOT ROS-dependent).
How it works
Key findings (3)
- Tissue-specific oligopeptides (cardiogen class) stimulate proliferation primarily in MYOCARDIUM, vessels, muscles — mesodermal tissues — comparable to weak static magnetic fields (Ivanova-Zalomaeva-Chalikova-Surma-Shchegolev-Nikitina 2022)
- Most "cardiogen" search hits are BNP biomarker (Kharisova 2019) or AV-block pacing (Iskenderov 2011) — NOT about the cardiogen peptide
- Adjacent paradigm: deltorphin II δ-opioid receptor agonist gives 2× reduction of infarct size in rat coronary occlusion (45 min)/reperfusion (120 min) model; effect depends on PKCδ, PI3-kinase, ERK1/2 — NOT ROS-dependent (Popov-Mukhomedyanov-Sirotina-Kurbatov-Asev-Sufianova-Khlestkina-Maslov 2023)
Evidence quality
Low-moderate. One direct mechanistic study on the mesodermal proliferotrope action (Ivanova 2022). The deltorphin II paper (Popov 2023) is a separate peptide but establishes the opioid-peptide cardioprotection paradigm that cardiogen may share. Most "cardiogen" search results are BNP biomarker contamination.
Open questions (4)
- Direct cardiomyocyte proliferotrope effect — has this been confirmed in vivo, not just in organotypic culture?
- Mechanism at the cardiomyocyte level — is the effect via membrane receptors or direct chromatin interaction (as Khavinson 2020 proposes for short peptides)?
- Clinical translation in heart failure, post-MI recovery?
- Is cardiogen specifically mesodermal or does it work on all striated muscle?
3 · Summary
Design distribution
| Design | Count | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| CLINICAL_UNCONTROLLED | 1 | █ |
| ANIMAL | 1 | █ |
4 · Possible mechanisms — candidate list
5 · Pathways — questions the corpus does not yet answer
- Pathway
- Falsification experiment for open question 1. Direct cardiomyocyte proliferotrope effect — has this been confirmed in vivo, not just in organotypic culture?
- Blocked by
- See synthesis evidence quality section for barriers.
- Pathway
- Falsification experiment for open question 2. Mechanism at the cardiomyocyte level — is the effect via membrane receptors or direct chromatin interaction (as Khavinson 2020 proposes for short peptides)?
- Blocked by
- See synthesis evidence quality section for barriers.
- Pathway
- Falsification experiment for open question 3. Clinical translation in heart failure, post-MI recovery?
- Blocked by
- See synthesis evidence quality section for barriers.
- Pathway
- Falsification experiment for open question 4. Is cardiogen specifically mesodermal or does it work on all striated muscle?
- Blocked by
- See synthesis evidence quality section for barriers.
6 · Bibliography — Russian primary sources
- vliyanie-laboratornyh-parametrov-u-bolnyh-infarktom-miokarda-s-podemom-segmenta-st-razlichnoy-lokalizatsii-na-dolgosrochnyy-prognoz
- vozdeystvie-magnitnyh-poley-razlichnoy-intensivnosti-i-sinteticheskih-oligopeptidov-na-kletochnuyu-regeneratsiyu-tkaney
- ostryy-infarkt-miokarda-oslozhnennyy-atrioventrikulyarnoy-blokadoy-11-p1-stepeni-i-effektivnost-elektrokardiostimulyatsii
- osobennosti-techeniya-infarkta-miokarda-v-pozhilom-vozraste-i-sovremennye-podhody-k-lecheniyu
- rol-aktivnyh-form-kisloroda-i-redoks-chuvstvitelnyh-proteinkinaz-v-infarkt-limitiruyuschem-effekte-opioidnogo-peptida-deltorfina-ii
- rol-peptidnyh-bioregulyatorov-v-povyshenii-effektivnosti-lecheniya-bolnyh-v-pozhilom-vozraste
- variabelnost-glikemii-u-bolnyh-saharnym-diabetom-2-go-tipa-vo-vremya-statsionarnogo-lecheniya-po-povodu-ostrogo-infarkta-miokarda
- lekarstvennye-peptidnye-preparaty-proshloe-nastoyaschee-buduschee
- stentirovanie-pretserebralnyh-arteriy-v-ostrom-periode-ishemicheskogo-insulta
- klinicheskie-i-morfologicheskie-osobennosti-povrezhdeniya-miokarda-i-techeniya-fulminantnogo-miokardita-na-fone-sovid-19
- algoritm-vedeniya-patsientov-s-ostroy-serdechnoy-nedostatochnostyu
- uspeshnoe-lechenie-ostroy-vospalitelnoy-kardiomiopatii-u-molodogo-patsienta-s-novoy-koronavirusnoy-infektsiey-klinicheskiy-sluchay
- effektivnost-elektroforeza-s-neyromidinom-v-lechenii-bolnyh-s-tserebrovaskulyarnymi-narusheniyami-v-pozhilom-vozraste
- osobennosti-rostovogo-faktora-differentsirovki-15-u-patsientov-s-ostrym-infarktom-miokarda
- laboratorno-instrumentalnye-i-gistologicheskie-dannye-harakternye-dlya-izmeneniy-miokarda-pri-covid-19
- ostraya-serdechnaya-nedostatochnost-i-kardiogennyy-shok-sovremennye-printsipy-diagnostiki-i-lecheniya
- vozmozhnosti-ispolzovaniya-ekspress-testov-nt-probnp-i-sst2-u-patsientov-s-ostrym-infarktom-miokarda
- vliyanie-geroprotektornyh-peptidov-na-ekspressiyu-vnutriyadernyh-belkov-reguliruyuschih-biosintez-ribosom-v-kulture-opuholevyh-kletok
Inventor (detail): V.Kh. Khavinson lab.
First publication: mid-2000s; the 2010 Levdik paper on "геропротекторные пептиды" includes Cardiogen in a panel of geroprotectors but does not isolate it as a primary subject.
Peptide kind: Polypeptide fraction from cardiac muscle (bovine), extracted by the same Morozov-Khavinson protocol; later a synthetic tetrapeptide was derived (sequence not confirmed in this audit).
Below: substantive excerpts from 5 Russian primary papers. Click each title to expand the Russian/English abstract.
5/6 papers with substantive abstracts · 7,955 characters of Russian/English pharmacological text extracted · 5 Russian abstracts · 5 English abstracts · 3/6 relevance-classified.
Extracted findings (1 models · 4 mechanism terms · direction: ↑4 ↓1 ↺1 across 5 papers)
- Model organisms
- —
- Doses / concentrations
- 150 нг
- Mechanism terms
- пролиферацию, пролиферация, регенерации, регенерацию
- Effect direction
- 4× increase · 1× decrease · 1× restoration/normalisation
[2019] Влияние лабораторных параметров у больных инфарктом миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST различной локализации на долгосрочны
[2022] ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ МАГНИТНЫХ ПОЛЕЙ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ И СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ОЛИГОПЕПТИДОВ НА КЛЕТОЧНУЮ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИЮ ТКАНЕЙ
[2011] Острый инфаркт миокарда, осложненный атриовентрикулярной блокадой 11-п1 степени, и эффективность электрокардиостимуляции
[2016] Особенности течения инфаркта миокарда в пожилом возрасте и современные подходы к лечению
[2023] Роль активных форм кислорода и редокс-чувствительных протеинкиназ в инфаркт-лимитирующем эффекте опиоидного пептида дель
7 · Bibliography — PubMed corpus
| PMID | Year | Design | n | Grade | COI | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 37834908 | 2023 | CLINICAL_UNCONTROLLED | — | [C] | — | Usefulness of the Veterans Health Administration COVID-19 (VACO) Index for Predicting Short-Term Mortality among Patients of the COLOS Study |
| 17152728 | 2006 | ANIMAL | — | [C] | — | [The tissue-specific effect of synthetic peptides-biologic regulators in organotypic tissues culture in young and old rats]. |
8 · Corroboration
- Corpus source
- PubMed (eutils) and OpenAlex, swept against this compound by PMID. Last verified 26.08.2026.
- Identity source
- PubChem CID — verified live. InChIKey —. Live fetch on 26.08.2026.
- Provenance
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology (2003) Khavinson VKh — Cardiac tetrapeptide; cardiotropic cytogen
9 · Open questions
- Zero A- or B-grade evidence in the corpus. No registered RCT with disclosed n.